Kodi Data Center Imafunika Magetsi Ochuluka Motani?
"Ndipatseni ulendo waulere wa tsiku limodzi wokaona ma hutong a ku Beijing popanda kubwerera m'mbuyo."
"Chotsani anthu odutsa pachithunzichi, chisungeni mwachibadwa."
"Sinthani bakha wophikidwa mu kanema wopulumutsa nkhandwe wa m'phiri la chipale chofewa ndi bakha wothira mchere."
Ndi malingaliro ati mwa awa a AI omwe angadye magetsi ambiri?
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, mphamvu yamagetsi (kufunikira kwa mphamvu) ya malo amodzi osungira deta nthawi zambiri inali m'gulu la ma megawatts (MW). Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya AI computing, kufunikira kwa mphamvu ya malo osungira deta kwapitirira kukwera. Malinga ndi lipoti la International Energy Agency (IEA), kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi padziko lonse lapansi pa malo osungira deta kunali pafupifupi maola 415 a terawatt (TWh) mu 2024, ndipo kungakwere kufika pafupifupi maola 945 a terawatt (TWh) pofika chaka cha 2030 (izi sizikudziwika kutengera zomwe zikuchitika).
Poyerekeza, mphamvu yamagetsi ya pachaka ya Three Gorges Dam mu 2025 inali pafupifupi ma kilowatt-hours 95.715 biliyoni (ma terawatt-hours 95.715). Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yamagetsi ya malo osungira deta padziko lonse lapansi ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya pachaka ya Three Gorges Dams pafupifupi anayi.
Kubwerera ku funso loyamba: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa pempho limodzi la AI kulibe mtengo wokhazikika ndipo kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri monga kukula kwa chitsanzo, kutalika kwa zotuluka, unyolo woganizira, concurrency, hardware, ndi malo osungira deta. Zomwe zikuchitika ndi izi:
Malemba osavuta, zotuluka zazifupi, ndi njira zochepa zoganizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosunga mphamvu zambiri. Kuganizira mozama, kukambirana mozungulira nthawi zambiri, ndi zotuluka zazitali zimawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa makompyuta.
Kupanga zithunzi zovuta nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pakompyuta kuposa mawu wamba.
Ntchito zopangira makanema/kusintha makanema aatali nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kukonzekera kwa magetsi kuyenera kugwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka malo osungira deta a AI.
Kukonzekera kwa magetsi kwachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri kumagwira ntchito kwa zaka makumi ambiri; komabe, nthawi yopangira malo osungira deta ya hyperscale ndi yochepa kwambiri, yomwe imafuna mgwirizano wolimba pakati pa magetsi ndi nthawi yogulitsira. Zoletsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
Mapulojekiti a malo osungira deta angatenge zaka zambiri kuti amange, osaphatikizapo nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti magetsi atsopano ayambe kugwira ntchito.
Malo atsopano opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zoletsa monga zilolezo, mafuta, ndi mapaipi, ndipo nthawi yogwirira ntchito ikhoza kufika zaka 8-10. Nthawi yotumizira zida zofunika kwambiri monga ma transformer akuluakulu, ma circuit breaker, ma turbine, ndi malo osinthira magetsi omwe adakonzedwa kale ndi yayitali, nthawi zambiri imafuna kukonzekera zaka zambiri pasadakhale.
Malinga ndi momwe gawo la magetsi limaonera, ndalama ndi kufunikira kwachangu sizingadutse njira zomangira ndi zowongolera. Chifukwa chake, mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kusintha njira zawo: malo osungira deta ayenera kuwonetsa kufunikira kwawo koyambirira, ndipo makampani/mautumiki amagetsi ayenera kulowererapo koyambirira pa mayankho amagetsi ndi kusankha mapangidwe kuti achepetse kusagwirizana ndi kubwerezabwereza mu njira ya "kukonzekera-kukhazikitsa".
Nyengo yoopsa imawonjezera kufunikira kwa magetsi.
Nyengo yoopsa yakhala ikuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ngakhale malo osungira deta asanayambe kuwonjezeredwa, nyengo yoopsa ikuyesa kale malire a gridi yamagetsi nthawi zonse.
Kuzizira kwa nyumba kukuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikukakamiza dongosolo la makina kupanga zisankho zovuta pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa malo osungira deta ambiri, popanda kuphatikiza mosamala, katundu wambiri apangitsa kuti kutsimikizika kodalirika kukhale kovuta kwambiri. Kukambirana kwa malamulo ndi malamulo kukupitiliranso pankhani yokhudza ngati angagwiritse ntchito kuchepetsa katundu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale akuluakulu monga malo osungira deta pakagwa ngozi kuti atsimikizire kuti katundu wofunika kwambiri ndi wofunika kwambiri pa moyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makampani opanga magetsi amafunikira makonzedwe a mabungwe ndi ukadaulo okhala ndi "mphamvu yochepetsera" pomwe akulinganiza mapangano, ubale ndi makasitomala, ndi mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali.
Poyang'anizana ndi kukula kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi, ma gridi amagetsi ndi malo osungira deta amafunika zomangamanga "zachangu komanso zokhazikika".
Pamene kufunikira kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku malo osungira deta ndi AI kukupitirira kukwera, mautumiki ayenera kukhala ndi mgwirizano wosavuta pakati pa kukula ndi kudalirika.
Mu ndondomekoyi,Belden HirschmannKulumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwa maukonde kungathandize zochitika zofunika kwambiri m'malo osungira deta ndi gawo lamagetsi, kuphatikizapo kulumikizana kodalirika ndi magwero ofunikira amagetsi ndi kugawa, kulumikizana ndi maukonde a mafakitale ndi kupeza deta, komanso kuthekera kowonera ndi kuyang'anira ntchito ndi kukonza, kuthandiza makasitomala kukonza kufalikira, kusunga, ndi chitetezo cha ntchito panthawi yokulitsa.
Gwero la Nkhani: Belden Hessmann WeChat Official Account
Gwero Lotchulidwa: Mphamvu ndi AI - Kusanthula - IEA: https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/
Nkhani ya 2025 Three Gorges Project Bulletin: http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/sxgcgb/202606/t20260629_2131904.html
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-10-2026